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PUiodically crosses Earth's orbit
was recently discovered by JPL planetary scientist Eleanor
Helin,
who found the asteroid while photographing two components of
a rare
split comet.
The asteroid has been calculated to be the best
candidate
known for an asteroid-rendezvous mission under study at JPL.
The newly discovered body, l982 DB, is a member of
a
group of Earth-crossing objects called Apollo asteroids.
They
are maverick asteroids in unique orbits outside the main
asteroid
belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Asteroids, of which there are thousands, are called
minor planets, or planetesimals. They may be the remains of
a
planet that was torn apart by collision or they may represent
some of the original debris from which the planets and
satellites
coalesced. It is possible asteroids are chunks of a planet
that
never formed.
While near-Earth asteroids are potential hazards to
Earth, they are also located close enough to Earth to be
utilized
for resources in the future.
l982 DB, one of 34 known Apollo asteroids, made its
î
closest approach to Earth in January, when it passed as close
as 4.6 million kilometers (2.9 million miles). (The Moon is
384,375 kilometers, or 238,840 miles from Earth.) The
asteroid
is also especially accessible from Earth since it is nearly
in the plane of the ecliptic -- the approximate plane of the
solar system in which the planets orbit the Sun.
Helin, who with Dr. Eugene Shoemaker of the U.S.
Geological Survey, has conducted a systematic search for
asteroids
and comets at Palomar Observatory for l0 years, discovered
the
new asteroid while obtaining a follow-up observation of Comet
du
Toit-Hartley, which was last observed 45 years ago as a
single
body. Observations were being made of the comet, which had
split
since its earlier apparition. Both components of the comet
were
recorded about one degree apart, on a single photographic
plate
using the l.2 meter (4-foot) Schmidt telescope at Palomar.
In
between the two cometary bodies Helin found the
characteristic
streak of the new asteroid -- l982 DB.
"To obtain an observation of a split comet
_a_n_d this
object in that position in the sky is quite extraordinary,"
Helin said of the discovery.
î When the asteroid was found it displayed retrograde
motion in relation to the Earth.
Observations from the Kitt Peak Observatory in
Arizona
and the Mauna Kea Observatory in Hawaii are underway to
determine
the composition and size of the asteroid, in addition to its
rotation rate. Its size could range from less than a mile
to several miles in diameter, Helin said.
The asteroid was determined to be the most
accessible
target for an asteroid rendezvous mission, replacing the
asteroid
Anteros as a prime candidate for a possible future mission
to explore and sample an asteroid. Asteroids may contain a
geologic
record of the early solar system, and could provide clues to
the
formation of planets and satellites.
According to mission designers at JPL, l982 DB
could
be reached by spacecraft with relatively little energy. The
Mariner Mark 2 spacecraft, under study at JPL for low-cost
space
exploration missions, could be used for an asteroid
rendezvous
mission.
Helin initiated a systematic search for Apollo-type
asteroids in the early l970s, in collaboration with
Shoemaker.
The search, conducted with the Schmidt telescopesat
Mt. Palomar, has yielded many discoveries, including the
Apollo
asteroid Aten, the first asteroid found to have an orbit
smaller
than Earth's and a period of revolution about the Sun of less
than a year. Other discoveries include unusual asteroids
that
cross Venus' Earth's and Mars' orbits, and numerous main-belt
asteroids. She discovered Comet Helin in the spring of l977.
Helin's observational work is sponsored by NASA,
Caltech,
and private donations.
###
#990 4/20/82MBM